中文報告-傅孝瑜
A proteomic screen reveals SCFGrr1 targets that regulate the glycolytic–gluconeogenic switch
Jennifer A. Benanti et al, Nature Cell Biology. 2007 Oct; 9(10):1184-91
Speaker:傅孝瑜
Commentator:張權發 老師
摘要:
Grr1是Skp1–Cul1–F-box-protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex中的F-box protein,具有受質特異性,藉由ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis調控許多生理機制。在Saccharomyces cerevisiae (釀酒酵母菌)中,Grr1不僅參與glucose repression pathway(1),同時也會活化G1 cyclin turnover(2),進而調控細胞週期。營養的獲得與細胞週期的行進向來被認為是有相關性的。在這篇文章中,作者利用釀酒酵母菌生活史特性(圖1),將欲檢視的蛋白質接上GFP,雜交Grr1 wild type與grr1 mutant:RFP yeasts,在擁有超過4000 yeast strains的mixtures library中,以high-throughput quantitative microscopy在96孔盤上進行微陣列檢視(圖2),篩選出7個ubiquitin ligase受質,試圖找出Grr1未知的功能。作者發現了一條新的路徑被用來調控細胞在醣解作用及醣質新生作用間的轉換(圖3)。當細胞得不到glucose時,Grr1會分解被Snf1磷酸化的Pfk27以促進醣質新生作用;在有glucose的情況下,Grr1不會分解Pfk27以利醣解作用進行。在這個調控路徑中,Grr1、Pfk27及Snf1都不是新發現的分子,而作者利用他所設計的方法,成功地將三者連結起來。同時,與過去鑑定蛋白質是否為ubiquitin-ligase受質,必須預測受質上是否有consensus phosphorylation motifs相比,大規模篩選可以用較少時間檢視較多的候選蛋白質,做為檢視其他ubiquitin ligase的受質,不失為一個好方法。

圖1 Haploid and diploid cells in the life cycle.

圖2 Identification of candidate Grr1 targets. An example for a known Grr1 target (Gic2). CTB is cell tacker blue. White arrowheads designate Grr1 wild type cells; red arrowheads represent grr1mutant cells. Scale bars represent 10 μm.

圖3 In the presence of glucose (left), Grr1 targets Mth1 for degradation, resulting in the promotion of glycolysis and repression of gluconeogenesis. In the absence of glucose (right), Grr1 targets Pfk27 and Tye7 for degradation, which shuts down glycolysis and promotes gluconeogenesis.
參考資料:
1. Flick, J. S. & Johnston, M. GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucoserepression and encodes a protein with leucine-rich repeats. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1991.
2. Barral, Y., Jentsch, S. & Mann, C. G1 cyclin turnover and nutrient uptake are controlled by a common pathway in yeast. Genes Dev., 1995.
